MIGRATORNI, STRATEŠKI I IDEOLOŠKI ASPEKT POVRATKA NA SELO U SAVREMENOJ SRBIJI
Ključne reči:
povratak na selo, antropologija, environmentalne migracije, ruralni razvoj, strategije, ideologija, priroda, tradicijaApstrakt
Povratak na selo je složen koncept s kojim smo se često susretali prilikom terenskih istraživanja, a njegova prisutnost postaje sve izraženija i u javnom diskursu. U ovom radu nastojimo da mapiramo i kontekstualizujemo migratorni, strateški i ideološki aspekt povratka na selo, jer environmentalne migracije, izazvane degradacijom životne sredine, često služe kao okvir za promišljanje o ruralnim sredinama kao alternativi života u gradu. U kontekstu Republike Srbije, povratak na selo je institucionalizovan kroz politike ruralnog razvoja koje su kreirane sa ciljem demografske obnove i revitalizacije sela. Međutim, različiti aspekti povratka na selo ne mogu se svesti isključivo na ekonomske ili environmentalne faktore. Oni su prožeti i ideološkim narativima koji selo predstavljaju kao bastion „autentičnih” vrednosti, čime se ruralna sredina reprezentuje i instrumentalizuje u okviru šireg diskursa o povratku tradiciji i „prirodi”, suprotstavljajući se urbanizaciji i modernizaciji.
Reference
Alves, Mariana. 2020. The Natural Fallacy in a Post-Truth era: A perspective on the natural sciences permeability to values. EMBO Reports 21(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201949859
Antonijević, Dragana. 2013. Stranac ovde, stranac tamo: antropološko istraživanje kulturnog identiteta gastarbajtera. Beograd: Odeljenje za etnologiju i antropologiju Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu i Srpski genealoški centar.
Antonijević, Dragana and Miloš Rašić. 2022. Return of Labour Migrants to Serbia: Realistic Expectations or Wishful Thinking?. Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 17(4): 1239–1264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v17i4.6
Barać, Lazar. 2022. Extracomunitari al modo serbo: konceptualizacija termina srpski ekstrakomunitari kao imenitelja srpskih radnih migranata u italijanskoj pokrajini Vićenca. Etnološko-antropološke sveske 33(22): 81–96.
Brettell, Caroline and James Hollifield (eds). 2023. Migration Theory: Talking accross New Disciplines. New York and London: Routlegde. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003121015–1
Brini, Elisa, Mariya Lenko, Stefani Scherer & Agnese Vitali. 2021. Retraditionalisation? Work patterns of families with children during the pandemic in Italy. Demographic research 45(31): 957–972.
Bubalo Živković, Milka, Bojan Đerčan, Tamara Lukić and Gordana Jovanović. 2014. Moving to the Welfare Countries: Emigrants from Serbia 1961–2002. European Researcher 71(3–2): 581–594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/issn.2219–8229
Campbell, Ben. 2005. Changing Protection Policies and Ethnographies of Environmental Engagement. Conservation and Society 3(2): 280–322.
Ćuković, Jelena. 2023. „The environment in the narratives of eco-activists”. In Anthropology of future, edited by Bojana Bogdanović, 203–223. Belgrade: Ethnographic institute SASA.
Ćuković, Jelena. 2024. Ideologija povratka prirodi, zapadna Srbija kao studija slučaja. Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU 72 (1): 228–248.
Dobrivojević, Ivana. 2009. `Svi u fabrike!` Instant industrijalizacija u Jugoslaviji 1945–1955. Istorija 20. veka 2009(2): 103–114.
Ellen, Roy. 2004. „The cognitive geometry of nature: a contextual approach”. In Nature and society: anthropological perspectives, edited by Philippe Descola and Gísli Pálsson, 103–125. New York and London: Routledge.
Gaweda, Barbara. 2018. „‘Retraditionalization’ and Sacralization of ‘Worldview Matters’: The Politics of Values in Eastern Europe.” Paper at the Workshop ‘The Politics of Values: Actors, Institutions, and Dynamics in the 21st Century’ at the ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshops, Nicosia, Cyprus, 10–14.4.2018.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.
Greer, John Michael. 2009. The Ecotechnic Future: Envisioning a Post-Peak World. Gabriola: New Society Publishers.
Hägerstrand, Torsten. 1973. „On the definition of migration”. Rapporter och Notiser 9: 63–72.
Heršak, Emil. 1985. „Poslijeratna migracijska perspektiva Evrope”. Migracijske teme 1: 5–20.
Hua, Qin. 2012. Environmental Effects on Rural-to-Urban Migration in China. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment 10(3): 9–17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2012.10685096
Hunter, Lori and Raphael Nawrotzki. 2016. „Migration and the Environmet”. In International Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution, edited by Michael J. White, 465–484. Dordrecht: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978–94–017–7282–2_21
Ivanović Barišić, Milina. 2015. Migracije selo-grad u drugoj polovini 20. veka u Srbiji. Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU 63(3): 595–608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI1503595I
IOM (International Organization for Migration). 2019. International Migration Law: Glossary on Migration. Geneva: IOM.
Jończy, Romuald, Przemysław Śleszyński, Alicja Dolińska, Michał Ptak, Justyna Rokitowska-Malcher, and Diana Rokita-Poskart. 2021. „Environmental and Economic Factors of Migration from Urban to Rural Areas: Evidence from Poland”. Energies 14: 8467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248467
Kaushik, Himani. 2021. Theories and Typologies of Migration: An Overview. The IUP Journal of International Relations 15(1): 13–22.
Krstić, Marija. 2011. Dijaspora i radnici na privremenom radu u inostranstvu: osnovni pojmovi. Etnoantropološki problemi 6(2): 295–318.
Kukić, Leonard and Stefan Nikolić. 2020. „Regional industrialization in Yugoslavia”. In An Economic History of Regional Industrialization, edited by Bas van Leeuwen, Robin C. M. Philips and Erik Buyst, 79–100. London and New York: Routledge and Taylor & Francis Group.
Langović, Milica, Danica Đurkin, Filip Krstić, Marko Petrović, Marija Ljakoska, Aleksandar Kovjanić, and Sandra Vukašinović. 2024. „Return Migration and Reintegration in Serbia: Are All Returnees the Same?”. Sustainability 2024, 16, 5118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125118
Lavrič, Miran, Danijela Gavrilovic, Ivan Puzek & Rudi Klanjšek. 2019. „Values and Value Shifts in Four Countries of South-East Europe: Retraditionalization, Erosion of Trust and the Decline in Public Morality”. Facta Universitatis Series Philosophy Sociology Psychology and History 18(2): 55–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPSPH1902055L
Leroy, Pieter and Jan van Tatenhove. 2000. „Political Modernization Theory and Environmental Politics”. In Environment and Global Midernity, edited by Gert Spaargaren, Arthur Mol & Frederik Buttel, 187– 208. London: SAGE Publications.
Lukić, Vesna. 2013. Population trends in Serbia and the implications for settlement system. Forum geografic 12: 67–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2067–4635.2013.070.i
Lukić, Vesna. 2022. „Migration and Mobility Patterns in Serbia”. In The Geography of Serbia: Nature, People, Economy, edited by Emilija Manić, Vladimir Nikitović and Predrag Đurović, 157–167. Springer.
Lukić, Vesna, Suzana Lović Obradović and Jelena Stojilković Gnjatović. 2023. Did Covid-19 Pandemic Change Internal Rural Migration Patterns in Serbia?. Erdkunde 77 (3): 233–249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2023.03.04
Mianabadi, Ameneh, Kamran Davary, Hojjat Mianabadi, Mahdi Kolahi and Erik Mostert. 2023. „Toward the development of a conceptual framework for the complex interaction between environmental changes and rural-urban migration”. Frontier. Water 5: 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1142307
Millock, Katrin. 2015. „Migration and Environment”. The Annual Review of Resource Economics 7: 14.1–14.26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100814–125031
Pavlović, Zoran. 2007. „Porodične vrednosti u tranziciji – Srbija u komparativnoj perspektivi”. U Saradnja škole i porodice, uredile Nada Polovina i Blanka Bogunović, 40–54. Beograd: Institut za pedagoška istraživanja.
Petersen, William. 1958. The General Typology of Migration. American Sociological Review 23(3): 256–266.
Rašić, Miloš. 2022. Zamišljena domovina: klubovi, identitet i integracija srpskih gastarbajtera u Beču. Beograd: Posebna izdanja Etnografski institut SANU 99.
Reitsma, René and Dick Vergoossen. 1988. A Causal Typology of Migration: The Role of Commuting. Regional Studies 22(4): 331–340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/003434088123313450101033
Reynaud, Cecilia, Vladimir Nikitović and Enrico Tucci. 2017. „Recent Immigration from Serbia to Italy: The Beginning of a New Tradition?”. In The population of the Balkans at the dawn of the 21st century, edited by Verica Janeska and Aleksandra Lozanoska, 205–220. Skopje: Institute of Economics – Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje.
Simonič, Miro i Antun Vorina. 2014. Migracija iz urbanih naselja u ruralna područja. Svarog 9: 98–110.
Stjepanović-Zaharijevski, Dragana i Danijela Gavrilović. 2010. Identiteti i porodične vrednosne orijentacije na Balkanu. Sociologija 52(1): 23–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC1001023S
Thomas, Keith. 1983. Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England 1500–1800. London: Allen Lane.
Williams, Raymond. 1976. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. London: Harper Collins.