KONSTRUKCIJA DRUGOSTI I SOCIJALNO-ONTOLOŠKIH GRANICA U FILMU AVATAR: PUT VODE
Ključne reči:
Mi : Drugi, antropologija filma, naučna fantastika, AvatarApstrakt
U radu se analizira film Avatar: put vode (2022) Džejmsa Kamerona kroz trostepeni model etnografije filma – produkciju, sadržaj i recepciju – s fokusom na način na koji se u njemu konstruiše Drugost i povlače socijalno-ontološke granice između grupa. Analiza pokazuje da narativ ovog filma, uprkos antikolonijalnim i antikapitalističkim pretenzijama produkcijskog tima, a slično kao i u Avataru iz 2009. godine, počiva na reprodukovanju obrasca dihotomne podele na Nas i Druge koja se, iako je prisutna kroz čitavu istoriju ljudskih društava, u filmu održava kroz ideološke i strukturne modele uspostavljene u kolonijalizmu. Jedina transformacija u (neo)kolonijalnoj reprezentaciji Drugosti jeste njena neoliberalizacija, gde se kolektivni, sistemski i društveni problemi predstavljaju kao partikularni, odnosno, u ovom slučaju, premeštaju iz političke dimenzije u porodični mikrokosmos.
Reference
Banić Grubišić, Ana. 2018. „Između prirode i kulture – antropološka analiza filma ‘Ničije dete’“. Antropologija 18 (3): 87–100.
Basu Thakur, Gautam. 2016. Postcolonial Theory and ‘Avatar’. London; Oxford; New York; New Delhi; Sydney: Bloomsbury Academic.
Belazouz, Asma. 2024. “Representing Displacement and the Displaced in Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)“. Afaque Cinemania Journal 10 (2): 208–218.
Đorđević, Ivan. 2009. Antropologija naučne fantastike – tradicija u žanrovskoj književnosti. Beograd: Etnografski institut SANU.
Dunn, George A. 2014. “Introduction: Time to Wake Up“. In Avatar and Philosophy: Learning to See, edited by George A. Dunn, 1–3. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Eckstrand, Nathan. 2014. “Avatar and Colonialism“. In Avatar and Philosophy: Learning to See, edited by George A. Dunn, 180–189. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Furze, Robert and Pat Brereton. 2014. “The Digital Cabinet of Curiosities: Avatar and the Phenomenology of 3D Worlds“. In Avatar and Philosophy: Learning to See, edited by George A. Dunn, 241–251. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Gavrilović, Ljiljana i Ivan Kovačević. 2015. „Antropološko čitanje naučne fantastike“. Etnoantropološki problemi 10 (4): 987–1002.
Gavrilović, Ljiljana. 2011. „Svi naši svetovi: o antropologiji, naučnoj fantastici i fantaziji“. Beograd: Etnografski institut SANU.
Gordon, Andrew. 1992. “The Inescapable Family in American Science Fiction and Fantasy Films“. Journal of Popular Film and Television 20 (2): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01956051.1992.9943963
Hejris, Ole. 2023. ‘Divlji čovek’ u evropskoj istoriji ideja: granice ljudske prirode. Loznica: Karpos.
Iliyas, Manahil, Neha Aslam, Rehan Ashfaq and Umme Farwa Khan. 2025. “Exploring the Themes of Otherness in the Movie Avatar (2009)“. Journal for Social Science Archives 3 (1): 497–507.
Kendrick, James. 1999. “Marxist Overtones in Three Films by James Cameron“. Journal of Popular Film and Television 27 (3): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01956059909602807
Kenkel, William F. 1969. “Marriage and the Family in Modern Science Fiction“. Journal of Marriage and Family 31 (1): 6–14.
Kovačević, Ivan. 2015. „Fudbal i film: Drug pretsednik – centarfor“. Etnoantropološki problemi 10 (3): 743–763.
Krstić, Predrag. 2012. „Enterprajz sa neograničenom odgovornošću: o mapiranju i kolonizovanju svemira“. Etnoantropološki problemi 7 (4): 957–978.
Kulenović, Nina. 2011. Socijalna ontologija u filmu ‘Avatar’: antropološka analiza. Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu – Filozofski fakultet, Odeljenje za etnologiju i antropologiju.
Lacey, Michael G. 2015. “Black Frankenstein and Racial Neoliberalism in Contemporary American Cinema: Reanimating Racial Monsters in Changing Lanes“. In The Routledge Companion to Global Popular Culture, edited by Toby Miller, 229–243. New York; London: Routledge – Taylor & Francis.
Martin, Dominic Thomas, Maria Gabyriel Bernadetta Nainggolan, Filmorevo Jesse Lincoln Tatemba, Brandon Ezra Maukary, and Catherine Patricia. 2025. “Postcolonial Ecocriticism in Avatar: The Way of Water: Unveiling Environmental and Cultural Struggles“. Boanerges 2 (2): 130–139.
Milosavljević, Ljubica, Ana Banić Grubišić i Vladimira Ilić. 2024. „Unutar i izvan filmskog žanra: Starost na putu“. Etnoantropološki problemi 19 (2): 335–357. https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v19i2.1
Milosavljević, Ljubica. 2024. „S kraja na kraj: četvrto doba u filmu Ljubav“. Antropologija 24 (3): 69–89. http://doi.org/10.21301/ant2438
Mucko, Bojan. 2011. „Avatar – postkolonijalna vježbenica: It Doesn’t Matter If You’re White or Blue“. Etnološka tribina 41 (34): 47–68.
Murray, Dale. 2014. “The Community and the Individual in Avatar“. In Avatar and Philosophy: Learning to See, edited by George A. Dunn, 180–189. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Naumović, Slobodan. 2017. „Ljubav u doba kolere: etnografski film i vizuelna antropologija u vremenu hibridnih žanrova i posthumanih stvaralačkih težnji“. Godišnjak za društvenu istoriju 1: 33–61.
Omon, Žak, Alen Bergala, Mišel Mari i Mark Verne. 2006. Estetika filma. Beograd: Clio.
Rahman, Hibatur. 2024. “A Postcolonial Analysis of Hegemony and Resistance in Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)“. Litera Kultura: Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies 12 (1): 59–69.
Searle, John R. 2006. “Social Ontology: Some Basic Principles“. Anthropological Theory 6 (1): 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499606061731
Searle, John. R. 1995. The Construction of Social Reality. New York: The Free Press.
Seçmen, Emre Ahmet. 2023. “A Sequel About the Expansion of the Cinematic Universe: An Analysis on Avatar: The Way of Water“. In Examinations and Analysis of Sequels and Serials in the Film Industry, edited by Emre Ahmet Seçmen, 107–127. Hershey PA: Information Science Reference. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7864-6.ch007
Simić, Marina. 2020. Ontološki obrt: uvod u kulturnu teoriju alteriteta. Novi Sad: Mediterran Publishing.
Stanić, Goran M. 2013. „Film i politika: Avatar kao savremeni mit“. Komunikacija i kultura ‘online’ 4 (4): 188–192.
Žikić, Bojan. 2010a. „Antropologija i žanr: naučna fantastika – komunikacija identiteta“. Etnoantropološki problemi 5 (1): 17–32.
Žikić, Bojan. 2010b. “We Are M, And They Are Hive. Individual and Collective Identity as a Relational Characteristic of Humans and Aliens in Science Fiction“. Antropologija 10 (1): 111–122.
Izvori s interneta
Avatar. n. d. „Movies. Avatar: The Way of Water“. Pristupljeno 20. 2. 2026. https://www.avatar.com/movies/avatar-the-way-of-water
Butler, Robert III. 2022. „James Cameron’s ‘Avatar: The Way of Water’ Is An Epi Family-Driven Visual Masterpiece – Review“. Geeks of Color 14. 12. 2022. https://geeksofcolor.co/2022/12/14/avatar-the-way-of-water-review/
Hansen, Hailey, and Kylie G. Martin. n. d. „Avatar Imperialism and Appropriation Controversies“. Pristupljeno 26. 2. 2026. https://cougarchronicle.org/arts-and-entertainment/2023/02/21/avatar-imperialism-and-appropriation-controversies/
IMDb. n. d. „Avatar: The Way of Water. Quotes“. Pristupljeno 3. 3. 2026. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1630029/quotes/?item=qt6671686
IMDb. n. d. „Top 50 highest-grossing movies of all time“. Pristupljeno 20. 2. 2026. https://www.imdb.com/list/ls568356223/
James Cameron’s Avatar Fandom. n. d. „20th Century Studios“. Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2026. https://james-camerons-avatar.fandom.com/wiki/20th_Century_Studios#:~:text=20th%20Century%20Studios%2C%20Inc.,company%20distributes%20the%20Avatar%20movies.
Johnston, Dais. 2022. „Sully’s stay together: Jake’s family in ‘Avatar 2’, explained“. Inverse 16.12. 2022. https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/avatar-2-jake-sully-family-guide
Kindberg, S. E. 2024. „The significance of Avatar (2009) and its Cultural Impact“. Medium (blog). Postavljeno 12. 12. 2024. https://medium.com/@sekindberg/the-significance-of-avatar-2009-and-its-cultural-impact-508876e0e0bb
Moss, Molly. 2022. „‘Avatar 2’ first reactions: ‘The Way of Water’ praised as ‘masterpiece’“.
Radio Times 7. 2. 2022. https://www.radiotimes.com/movies/avatar-2-reactions-newsupdate/Reykunyu. n. d. „Reykunyu – Online Na’vi Dictionary“. Pristupljeno 26. 2. 2026. https://reykunyu.lu/
Richards, Lauren. 2022. „Avatar Inspires Activism: An Environmental Message From the World of Pandora“. Impakter 26. 12. 2022. https://impakter.com/avatar-inspires-activism-an-environmental-message-from-pandora/
Rodriguez, Karla. 2022. „James Cameron Says Not Getting Enough Time With His Kids Inspired ‘Avatar: The Way of Water’“. Complex 15. 12. 2022. https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/karla-rodriguez/james-cameron-avatar-the-way-of-water-interview
Rotten Tomatoes. n. d. a. „Avatar The Way of Water Reviews. All Audience“. Pristupljeno 7. 6. 2026. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar_the_way_of_water/reviews/all-audience
Rotten Tomatoes. n. d. b. „Avatar The Way of Water Reviews. All Critics“. Pristupljeno 7. 6. 2026. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar_the_way_of_water/reviews/all-critics
Staley, S. R. 2023. „Family Theme Elevates Visually Stunning ‘Avatar: The Way of Water’“. Srstaley Blog (blog) 21. 1. 2023. https://blog.srstaley.com/avatar-way-of-thewater-movie-visually-stunning/
The Walt Disney Company. 2022. „How ‘Avatar: The Way of Water’ Revolutionizes Underwater Cinematography“. 16. 12. 2022. https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/news/how-avatar-the-way-of-water-revolutionizes-underwater-cinematography/
Trenholm, Richard. 2022. „James Cameron Q&A: ‘Avatar’ Reminds Us of The Beauty of Nature Under Threat“. CNET 14. 12. 2022. https://www.cnet.com/culture/entertainment/james-cameron-q-a-avatar-way-of-water-reminds-us-of-the-beauty-ofnature-under-threat/
Schwartz, Erin. 2023. „Last of Its Kind: The Return of James Cameron’s Avatar“. The Nation 20/27. 2. 2023. https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/avatar-way-water/
Avatar. n. d. „Movies“. Pristupljeno 20. 2. 2026. https://www.avatar.com/movies
IMDb. n. d. „Avatar: The Way of Water“. Pristupljeno 20. 2. 2026. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1630029/
IMDb. n. d. „Avatar: The Way of Water“. Pristupljeno 20. 2. 2026. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1630029/
IMDb. n. d. „James Cameron“. Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2026. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000116/
Wikipedia. n. d. „Avatar: The Way of Water“. Pristupljeno 24. 2. 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar%3A_The_Way_of_Water
Filmografija
Avatar: The Way of Water. 2022. Directed by James Cameron. Santa Monica, CA: Lightstorm Entertainment.
ERIH PLUS - European Reference Index for the Humanities
CEEOL - Central and Eastern European Online Library
The DOI Foundation