SPORT I NACIJA U ANTROPOLOŠKOJ PERSPEKTIVI: SLOVENIJA – ZEMLJA NARODA KOJA SKIJA
Ključne reči:
sport, nacija, alpsko skijanje, etnografija, antropologijaApstrakt
Sportovi i nacije su suštinski međusobno povezani od kraja devetnaestog veka s obzirom da sport omogućava teren za simboličko nadmetanje između nacija. Moguće zbog toga sportovi koji nisu uspešni u međunarodnoj areni ne mogu uspešno da funkcionišu kao tačka susretanja za nacionalnu identifikaciju. Prikazujući ulogu alpskog skijanja u slovenačkoj kulturi i društvu, ovaj rad ustanovljuje kako sport i zamisli o naciji i nacionalnosti, nacionalnom, mogu da budu međusobno isprepletani. Analiza zasnovana na istorijskim podacima i etnografskoj građi ukazuje da je u Sloveniji alpsko skijanje (sa svojim prirodnim krajolikom, amaterskim bekgraundom, sportskim događanjima, medijskom pažnjom i nacionalnim herojima) bilo jedno od glavnih sportskih arena u kojoj su tokom dvadesetog veka ispoljavani slovenačko predstavljanje nacije, nacionalizam i nacionalni identitet. U Sloveniji je skijanje bilo predstavljano kao prototip "slovenstva", "slovenačkog". Skijanje je navodno već postojalo još u šesnaestom veku. Postoji dokumentovana priča, poznata svim Slovencima, koja navodi da je tradicionalno slovenačko brdsko (alpsko) skijanje nastalo u predelu visoravni Bloke jugozapadno od Ljubljane. Od devetnaestog veka tradicionalni smučar iz Bloka postaje proto-smučar slovenačkog savremenog skijanja, i on dobija nova značenja i pažnju u savremenim medijima. Posebno tokom devedesetih godina prošlog veka, detalje ove priče su često, sa očitom strašću i pažnjom, spominjali televizijski voditelji, sportski novinari, terenski izveštači, sportski analitičari i studijski komentatori. Značaj alpskog skijanja u predstavi o slovenačkoj naciji je često bio potvrđivan u jugoslovenskom periodu, a bio je dodatno potcrtan po odvajanju Slovenije iz multietničke socijalističke zemlje. Slučaj Slovenije potvrđuje zaključke koji pokazuju da se nacionalni sport suštinski usredsređuje na nacionalno jedinstvo i identitet podupirući dominantne vrednosti, ideale i resurse nacije iz koje potiču. Sport je deo ljudske svakodnevice koji svugde omogučava nacionalnoj identifikaciji i nacionalizmu da intenzivno deluju bez osobitog promišljanja.
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