POLITIKA, RELIGIJA I ROD. UPRAVLJANJE POKRIVANJEM ISLAMSKOG TELA U EVROPI
Ključne reči:
rasprave o hidžabu, politike pripadanja, ukrštanje, analiza okvira javnih politika (frame analysis), politike tela, diferencirano državljanstvoApstrakt
Premda je takozvani "problem hidžaba" tema javnih rasprava u evropskim zemljama još od sredine osamdesetih godina 20. veka, rasprave oko islamskih pokrivala za telo poput hidžaba, burke ili nikaba rasplamsale su se od 2004. godine tako da je do danas većina evropskih zemalja regulisala njihovo nošenje u javnoj sferi. Hidžab (marama za glavu) je postao mesto strastvenih nesuglasica u vezi sa politikama integracije i religijskim i kulturnim razlikama. Najzanimljivije je da su te borbe duboko povezane sa rodnim razlikama. Upravo je telo islamskih žena u ovim raspravama postalo bojno polje razmirica oko vrednosti i politika identiteta. Štaviše, rasprave oko hidžaba su deo politike identiteta većinskog društva koje, dovođenjem u pitanje prisustva islamskih simbola u javnoj sferi, muslimanske zajednice označava kao "drugog".
U ovom radu ćemo razmotriti društveno i političko značenje koje je u izabranim evropskim zemljama bilo predmet pregovaranja prilikom rasprava oko javnih politika u vezi sa pokrivanjem tela. Pokazaćemo da se, putem legitimizacije novih zahteva i preduslova za puna građanska prava, u diskusijama oko hidžaba i javnih politika pregovaralo oko novog koncepta državljanstva. Da bismo iznele svoj argument ukazaćemo na osnovne elementa naracija o državljanstvi u debatama o hidžabu, oslanjajući se na rezultate rodno senzitivne analize strategija i okvira dokumenata javne politike (frame analysis), pisanih dokumenata čiji su autori akteri koji su od 1989 do 2007 godine bili uključeni u diskusije o hidžabu u Austriji, Danskoj, Francuskoj, Nemačkoj, Holandiji i Velikoj Britaniji. Ove zemlje su analizirane u okviru istraživačkog projekta VEIL (veo/zar) - Values, Equality and Differences in Liberal Democracies. Debates about Muslim headscarves in Europe (Vrednosti, ravnopravnost i razlike u liberalnim demokratijama. Rasprave oko muslimanskog hidžaba u Evropi), koji je finansiran od strane 6. Okvirnog programa Evropske komisije (više informacija na: http://www.veil-project.eu).
Na taj način pokazujemo da rasprave o hidžabu, potiskujući pokrivene islamske žene u novokonstruisanu privatnu sferu, nanovo iscrtavaju granice između javnog i privatnog u savremenim zapadnim liberalnim demokratijama i institucionalizuju specifične telesne odlike kao preduslov pripadnosti i ukrštanja religije i roda.
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