LIBERALNA EUGENIKA: IDEOLOGIJA POBOLJŠANJA?
Ključne reči:
liberalna eugenika, moralna odrvatnost (yuck argument), kloniranje, reproduktivne tehnologije, normalno funkcionisanje karakteristično za vrstuApstrakt
Koncept liberalna eugenika vezan je za "poboljšanje" ljudi, pod čim podrazumevamo upotrebu biotehnologija u svrhe podizanja kapaciteta i sposobnosti zdravih ljudi iznad norme zdravlja. Ideja se zasniva na slobodi izbora roditelja kada su u pitanju željene osobine njihovih potomaka, na osnovu kojih bi u budućnosti mogli imati kvalitetniji život. Međutim, dosadašnja tehnologija nije pokazala dovoljnu veliku verovatno- ću uspeha pri biranju osobina potomstva. Imajući u vidu društvenu prihvatljivost takvih rešenja, i pored njihove tehnološke nesavršenosti, smatra se da bi bilo ispravno prihvatiti oplodnju uz pomoć novih biotehnologija. Nove tehnologije bi u bliskoj budućnosti omogućavale ženi da napravi izbor potomstva, tako što će moći da zanese sa "genetič- kom kopijom", ili "klonom genija". Prema jednom od zastupnika (Nikolas Ejgar) liberalne eugenike, osnovni prigovor ovom konceptu zasniva se na iracionalnim argumentima: strahu i moralnoj odvratnosti prema genetskim intervencijama. S obzirom na iracionalnost tih argumenata, njih ne bi trebalo ni uzimati u obzir zaključuje Ejgar. Ipak postavlja se pitanje društvenih i epistemoloških implikacija ovakvog odbacivanja. Da li je iracionalnost straha i moralnog gađenja deo normalnog funkcionosanja karakterističnog ljudskoj vrsti? Da li je preciznost novih reprodukcionih tehnologija vodi u slobodu izbora željenih osobina ili je put u tiraniju roditelja nad decom i vodi u seksualnu i uopšte društvenu uniformnost? Na osnovu izloženih dilema i polazeći od poznatog podatka da strah i moralna odvratnost predstavljaju ne samo značajne antropološke i socio-kulturne elemente u društvenoj organizaciji, ukazaćemo da su i deo ljudskog normalnog funkcionisanja. Pored ovog podsetićemo na važnost ili smisao polne reprodukcije – seksa (prirodnih veza) u stvaranju društvenih veza. S tim u vezi uočeno je da koncept liberalne eugenike ne bi doveo do reprodukcije biranih osobina, nego do samoreprodukcije isklju- čivo žena što može predstavljati put u aseksualno društvo.
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