BANKE HUMANOG MLEKA I SRODSTVO PO MLEKU U ISLAMU – PROBLEMI I PERSPEKTIVE
Ključne reči:
banke humanog mleka , islam, srodstvo po mleku, islamska bioetikaApstrakt
Iako su zastupljene u društvu još od samog početka dvadesetog veka, banke humanog mleka, kao neprofitabilne organizacije, čiji je zadatak sakupljanje, skladištenje, nadzor i distribucija majčinog mleka i globalna promocija dojenja, doživele su svoju proliferaciju krajem prošlog veka. U svetu trenutno postoji preko sedamsto pedeset banaka humanog mleka, koje su locirane u šezdeset šest država, međutim, distribucija i geografska pozicioniranost istih je nejednaka – većina se nalazi u Evropi, Latinskoj i Severnoj Americi. Uspostavljanje banaka humanog mleka u „muslimanskom svetu” blokirano je
postojanjem specifične vrste srodstva u islamu – srodstva po mleku – koje nalaže zabranu sklapanja brakova između „mlečnih srodnika”, kao i određene dužnosti i obaveze.
Rad nastoji da odgovori na pitanje zašto koncept srodstva po mleku, kada se „sudari” sa načinom organizacije banaka humanog mleka, dovodi do rasprava i (ne)monolitnih
interpretacija unutar islamskih religijsko-pravnih škola. Istovremeno, sama pojava „etičkog” možda predstavlja jedan od krucijalnih događaja dvadesetog veka, te rad ima za cilj da prikaže osnovne postulate islamske bioetike, kao i stavove i odgovore islamskih „bioetičkih tela” na fenomen banaka humanog mleka. Kao glavni izvori korišćeni su teološko-pravni islamski temelji, odnosno islamska sveta knjiga Kur’an i hadisi, kao i fetve kako pojedinačnih pravnika, tako i one koje su izdate od strane islamskih organizacija. Posebna pažnja biće usmerena na fetvu Jusufa el-Karadavija iz 1983. godine, s obzirom da ona predstavlja najznačajniju objavljenju fetvu u vezi banaka humanog mleka.
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